Varicose veins, also known as varicoses

 Vein disease with swollen, twisted veins visible under the skin

Varicose veins, also known as varicoses, are a medical condition in which superficial veins become enlarged and twisted. Although usually just a cosmetic ailment, in some cases they cause fatigue, pain, itching, and nighttime leg cramps. These veins typically develop in the legs, just under the skin. Their complications can include bleeding, skin ulcers, and superficial thrombophlebitis. Varices in the scrotum are known as varicocele, while those around the anus are known as hemorrhoids. The physical, social, and psychological effects of varicose veins can lower their bearers' quality of life. Varicose veins have no specific cause. Risk factors include obesity, lack of exercise, leg trauma, and family history of the condition. They also develop more commonly during pregnancy. Occasionally they result from chronic venous insufficiency. Underlying causes include weak or damaged valves in the veins. They are typically diagnosed by examination, including observation by ultrasound.

Symptoms None, fullness, pain in the area

Complications Bleeding, superficial thrombophlebitis

Risk factors Obesity, not enough exercise, leg trauma, family history, pregnancy

Diagnostic method Based on examination

Differential diagnosis Arterial insufficiency, peripheral neuritis

Treatment Compression stockings, exercise, sclerotherapy, surgery, endovenous ablation

Prognosis Commonly reoccurring